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The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine Paperback – February 1, 2011
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The #1 New York Times bestseller: "It is the work of our greatest financial journalist, at the top of his game. And it's essential reading."―Graydon Carter, Vanity Fair
The real story of the crash began in bizarre feeder markets where the sun doesn't shine and the SEC doesn't dare, or bother, to tread: the bond and real estate derivative markets where geeks invent impenetrable securities to profit from the misery of lower- and middle-class Americans who can't pay their debts. The smart people who understood what was or might be happening were paralyzed by hope and fear; in any case, they weren't talking.
Michael Lewis creates a fresh, character-driven narrative brimming with indignation and dark humor, a fitting sequel to his #1 bestseller Liar's Poker. Out of a handful of unlikely-really unlikely-heroes, Lewis fashions a story as compelling and unusual as any of his earlier bestsellers, proving yet again that he is the finest and funniest chronicler of our time.
- Print length291 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherW. W. Norton & Company
- Publication dateFebruary 1, 2011
- Dimensions5.5 x 0.8 x 8.3 inches
- ISBN-100393338827
- ISBN-13978-0393338829
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Editorial Reviews
Review
― Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times
"Superb: Michael Lewis doing what he does best, illuminating the idiocy, madness and greed of modern finance. . . . Lewis achieves what I previously imagined impossible: He makes subprime sexy all over again."
― Andrew Leonard, Salon.com
"One of the best business books of the past two decades."
― Malcolm Gladwell, New York Times Book Review
"I read Lewis for the same reasons I watch Tiger Woods. I’ll never play like that. But it’s good to be reminded every now and again what genius looks like."
― Malcolm Gladwell, New York Times Book Review
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
- Publication date : February 1, 2011
- Edition : Reprint
- Language : English
- Print length : 291 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0393338827
- ISBN-13 : 978-0393338829
- Item Weight : 2.31 pounds
- Dimensions : 5.5 x 0.8 x 8.3 inches
- Book 2 of 2 : Liar's Poker Series
- Best Sellers Rank: #13,992 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #9 in Banks & Banking (Books)
- #12 in Economic Conditions (Books)
- #21 in Economic History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Michael Lewis, the best-selling author of The Undoing Project, Liar's Poker, Flash Boys, Moneyball, The Blind Side, Home Game and The Big Short, among other works, lives in Berkeley, California, with his wife, Tabitha Soren, and their three children.
Customer reviews
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Learn more how customers reviews work on AmazonCustomers say
Customers find the book well-written and entertaining, with a captivating story that provides an insightful look at complex financial transactions in simple terms. They appreciate the vivid character descriptions and the clever mix of narrative and humor, describing it as a surprisingly shocking tale. The pacing receives mixed reactions, with some finding it fast-paced while others note its timing issues. The book offers a detailed look into capitalist corruption, though opinions on this aspect are mixed.
AI Generated from the text of customer reviews
Customers find the book highly readable, describing it as well-written, engaging, and entertaining, with one customer noting it reads like a John Grisham novel.
"...There's more, but hopefully you've gotten the point. This is a very interesting, entertaining and informative book that accomplishes what it sets..." Read more
"...This work is a truly masterpiece...." Read more
"...An important book, the only criticism I have is that it could have been shorter, but I guess the author did want it to read like a story and..." Read more
"...But they deserved it and in Lewis' upbeat writing style he conveys eloquently but simply how the decisions were made and how they profited beyond..." Read more
Customers find the book insightful, particularly appreciating how it details financial situations and explains complex transactions in layman's terms.
"...This is a very interesting, entertaining and informative book that accomplishes what it sets out to do. Chances are you'll enjoy it." Read more
"...P. 107 This book is incredibly insightful regarding the motivation of homo sapiens in a capitalist society, how we think, what we overlook..." Read more
"The book is very good at detailing the situations and characters involved in the financial mess caused by the recent housing bubble and how a few..." Read more
"Michael Lewis is for my money the best financial writer we have...." Read more
Customers enjoy the captivating story of the book, with one customer noting how it skillfully mixes stories with supporting information, while another mentions how it makes a difficult subject interesting.
"...It's your character, tenacity, insight, intelligence and unwavering commitment to a pursuit of the truth amidst a sea of deception, which will..." Read more
"...There is one problem with this book. The subject was just covered quite well in The Greatest Trade Ever by Gregory Zuckerman which was released in..." Read more
"...Capital and Eisman, all make for fascinating characters and fascinating stories...." Read more
"...Lewis is a brilliant story teller, finding subplots in all his books that really turn what could be a generic story into a barn burner...." Read more
Customers praise the author's storytelling abilities, particularly how they vividly describe the characters and weave together seemingly disparate personalities throughout the narrative.
"...Lewis has an uncanny ability to use interviews and the sheer creative power of his mastery of language to explain terribly complicated concepts in a..." Read more
"...guess the author did want it to read like a story and illuminate some specific personalities, which will probably make the book easier to make into..." Read more
"...Greatest Trade is a very fast read and tells the story well focusing on John Paulson...." Read more
"...He is a wonderful storyteller but not so good a moralist. Anyhow, it isn't necessary to reinvent the wheel...." Read more
Customers find the book insightful, appreciating its cleverly mixed narrative with humor and witty metaphors, while providing a digestible explanation of the financial meltdown.
"...But they deserved it and in Lewis' upbeat writing style he conveys eloquently but simply how the decisions were made and how they profited beyond..." Read more
"...It's written with zest and style - and he tells it like it is - or was...." Read more
"...It chronicles the financial crisis of 2007-2008, explaining the subprime mortgage markets that drove the economy into recession...." Read more
"...Mr. Lewis is a fun and witty writer and his energy in The Big Short is very reminiscent of Liar's Poker, but I really found something morbid and..." Read more
Customers find the book scary and vividly describes the madness of the financial crisis, with one customer noting it's a fantastic review of a horrific series of events.
"...I found the book both fascinating and disturbing...." Read more
"...to achieve the clarity of LIAR'S POKER, but most of this sad tale is understandable (in hindsight) by anyone...." Read more
"...It is compelling reading, full of characters, action, tragedy, comedy, and facts. I adore my Kindle and I keep it stuffed with good books...." Read more
"...what Mr. Lewis has been telling you all along is that this is a dangerous market...." Read more
Customers have mixed opinions about the pacing of the book, with some finding it fast-paced and timely, while others describe it as almost unfathomable.
"...It turns out, it is. The Big Short is fast-paced, straightforward, conversational and salty--very much like his earlier works...." Read more
"...UNTIL the losses started. With 3% equity/custion, the 30 to 1 leverage immediately worked against them. Where were the regulators?..." Read more
"...It's your character, tenacity, insight, intelligence and unwavering commitment to a pursuit of the truth amidst a sea of deception, which will..." Read more
"...The gain occurred virtually overnight. This is not Lewis's best book...." Read more
Customers have mixed views on the book's portrayal of corruption, with some appreciating its detailed look into capitalist and greedy practices, while others find it dishonest.
"...It's this book's stunning, fact-based revelations of the corruption, incompetence, and greed in our corporate executive suites that makes it an..." Read more
"...This inconsistency permeates the book, and tonight on 60 Minutes I heard Lewis repeat what his major thesis is: Wall Street did not know what they..." Read more
"...This is a morality play told in a non-preaching manner...." Read more
"...At best, they are delusional, dishonest and corrupt, and at worst, dangerously catastrophic...." Read more
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- Reviewed in the United States on March 15, 2010Based on reading Michael Lewis' Liar's Poker and Moneyball, I wondered whether The Big Short would prove to be entertaining and informative. If you've read some of Lewis' books, you might agree that the "entertaining" part would seem to be a reasonably safe bet. It turns out, it is. The Big Short is fast-paced, straightforward, conversational and salty--very much like his earlier works. Indeed, if you didn't know Michael Lewis had written this book, you could probably guess it. It is easy reading and very hard to put down. In short (no pun), The Big Short doesn't disappoint in being entertaining.
In a sense, this book is similar to Moneyball in that Lewis tells his story by following a host of characters that most of us have never heard of--people like Steve Eisman (the closest thing to a main character in the book), Vincent Daniel, Michael Burry, Greg Lippmann, Gene Park, Howie Hubler and others.
How informative is the book? Well, it may seem that Lewis has his work cut out for himself, since the events of the recent financial crisis are already well known. More than that, lots of people have their minds made up concerning who the perps of the last few years are--banks and their aggressive managers, "shadow banks" and their even more aggressive managers, hedge funds, credit default swaps, mortgage brokers, the ratings agencies, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the Fed's monetary policy, various federal regulators, short sellers, politicians who over-pushed home ownership, a sensationalist media, the American public that overextending itself with excessive borrowing (or that lied in order to get home loans), housing speculators, etc. The list goes on--and on. Okay, so you already know this. The defining aspect of this book, however, is that it asks (and answers) "Who knew?" about the impending financial crisis beforehand. Who knew--before the financial crisis cracked open for everyone to see (and, perhaps, to panic) in the fall of 2008--that a silent crash in the bond market and real estate derivatives market was playing out? Indeed, the good majority of this book addresses events that occurred before Lehman's failure in September of 2008. In describing what led up to the darkest days of the crisis, Lewis does a good job helping the reader to see how the great financial storm developed. All in all, this is an informative book.
Interestingly, in the book's prologue, Salomon Brothers alumnus Lewis explains how, after he wrote Liar's Poker over 20 years ago, he figured he had seen the height of financial folly. However, even he was surprised by the much larger losses suffered in the recent crisis compared to the 1980s, which seem almost like child's play now.
For a taste of The Big Short, Steve Eisman was a blunt-spoken "specialty finance" research analyst at Oppenheimer and Co., originally in the 1990s, and he eventually helped train analyst Meredith Whitney, who most people associate with her string of negative reports on the banking industry, primarily from late 2007. Giving a flavor of his style, Eisman claims that one of the best lines he wrote back in the early 1990s was, "The [XYZ] Financial Corporation is a perfectly hedged financial institution--it loses money in every conceivable interest rate environment." His own wife described him as being "not tactically rude--he's sincerely rude." Vinny Daniel worked as a junior accountant in the 1990s (and eventually worked for Eisman), and he found out how complicated (and risky) Wall Street firms were when he tried to audit them. He was one of the early analysts to notice the high default rates on manufactured home loans, which led to Eisman writing a 1997 report critical of subprime originators. Michael Burry (later Dr. Michael Burry) was, among other things, a bond market researcher in 2004 who studied Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger, and who correctly assessed the impact of "teaser rates" and interest rate re-sets on subprime loans. In 2005, Burry wrote to his Scion Capital investors that, "Sometimes markets err big time." How right he would be.
Greg Lippmann was a bond trader for Deutsche Bank, who discussed with Eisman ways to bet against the subprime mortgage market. Before home prices declined, he noted, for example, that people whose homes appreciated 1 - 5% in value were four times more likely to default than those whose homes appreciated over 10%. In other words, home prices didn't need to actually fall for problems to develop. (Of course, home prices fell a lot.) When Lippmann mentioned this to a Deutsche Bank colleague, he was called a Chicken Little. To which, Lippmann retorted, "I'm short your house!" He did this by buying credit default swaps on the BBB-rated tranches (slices) of subprime mortgage bonds. If that's not a mouthful, read further in the book for a description of Goldman Sachs and "synthetic subprime mortgage bond-backed CDOs." Then there's the AIG Financial Products story, told through the story of Gene Park, who worked at AIG, and his volatile boss, Joe Cassano.
Did I say this book is informative? Here's a bit more: Did you know that a pool of mortgages, each with a 615 FICO score, performs very differently (and better) than a pool of mortgages with half of the loans with a 550 FICO score and half with a 680 FICO score (for a 615 average)? If you think about it, the 550/680 pool is apt to perform significantly worse, because more of the 550 FICO score loans develop problems. Think about how that got gamed.
There's more, but hopefully you've gotten the point. This is a very interesting, entertaining and informative book that accomplishes what it sets out to do. Chances are you'll enjoy it.
- Reviewed in the United States on March 21, 2010Economics is a social science. It is predicated on an understanding of human behavior, among other things. It's also recognition that what we think we know may be incorrect. In their recent book, From Poverty To Prosperity - Intangible Assets, Hidden Liabilities and the Lasting Triumph Over Scarcity, Nick Schulz and Arnold Kling posed the following question to Douglass North, Nobel Laureate in Economics (1993). North is the Spencer T. Olin Professor in Arts and Science at Washington University in St. Louis:
Here's the question from Schulz and King: "What other obstacles prevent economists and policymakers from seeing what really matters?"
North's response: "Until they understand that our understanding of the world is very fragmentary, is not complete, is - I believe - partially incorrect, no matter how intelligent we are, we're not going to make sense of the world." p. 151.
We live in a world where we must listen for the voices of dissent - the contrarians. When Michael Lewis' The Big Short was delivered, I thought I might pick it up and read a few pages. Warning: This magnificent work is crafted in such a way that sampling the first few pages will transform your day (as it did mine) into devouring this masterpiece cover-to-cover. It is a book about the dissenters, the contrarians, "the few who truly knew" - who developed and exercised the foresight to comprehend the emerging financial crisis in the U.S. (and around the globe). It is a story from the perspective of a very few who recognized that "a great nation lost its financial mind." P. xiv
As Lewis writes:
"A smaller number of people - more than ten, fewer than twenty, made a straightforward bet against the entire multi-trillion-dollar, sub-prime mortgage market and, by extension, the global financial system. In and of itself it was a remarkable fact: The catastrophe was foreseeable, yet only a handful noticed." P. 105
"Even as late as the summer of 2006, as home prices began to fall, it took a certain kind of person to see the ugly facts and react to them - to discern, in the profile of the beautiful young lady, the face of an old witch. Each of these people told you something about the state of the financial system, in the same way that people who survive a plane crash told you something about the accident, and also about the nature of people who survive accidents - all of them were, almost by definition, odd. But they were not all odd in the same way." P. 107
This book is incredibly insightful regarding the motivation of homo sapiens in a capitalist society, how we think, what we overlook, and the necessity to learn to question the world around us. Consider the following excerpts from this book:
"All shared a distinction: They had proven far less capable of grasping basic truths in the heart of the U.S. financial system than a one-eyed money manager with Asperger's syndrome." Lewis' commentary on the failure of foresight by Paulson, Geithner, Bernanke, Blankfein (Goldman Sachs), Mack (Morgan Stanley), and Pandit (Citigroup) vs. hedgefund manager Michael Burry of Cupertino, CA P. 260.
"I hated discussing ideas with investors," he said, "because I then become a Defender of the Idea, and that influences your thought process." Once you became an idea's defender you had a harder time changing your mind about it. P. 56 - quote from Michael Burry.
"In retrospect, their ignorance seems incredible - but, then, an entire financial system was premised on their not knowing, and paying them for this talent." --- Lewis' characterization on what percentage of credit default swaps were sub-prime. P.88
"Lippmann soon found that the people he most expected to see the ugly truth of the subprime mortgage market-the people who ran funds that specialized in mortgage bond trading-were the ones least likely to see anything but what they had been seeing for years. Here was a strange but true fact: The closer you were to the market, the harder it was to perceive its folly." P. 91
"The markets were predisposed to underestimating the likelihood of dramatic change." P.108
"Just throw your model in the garbage can. The models are all backward-looking - the models don't have any idea of what this world has become." P. 176 - quote from Steve Eisman.
Lewis has an uncanny ability to use interviews and the sheer creative power of his mastery of language to explain terribly complicated concepts in a way the layperson can comprehend. Regarding the design of Morgan Stanley's Credit Default Swap (CDS), Lewis uses the following phrase to characterize this instrument - "what amounted to home insurance on a house designated for demolition." (P. 202). In terms of the CDO market, Lewis says: "Their trade now seemed to them ridiculously obvious - it was as if they had bought cheap fire insurance on a house engulfed in flames." P. 164 --- ...you get the point.
If you think that Lewis' "The Big Short - Inside The Doomsday Machine" is "just another book" about a vanilla investigative perspective regarding the U.S. and global financial crisis - YOU'RE WRONG. Don't succumb to this deception! This book is truly unique and will/must be enjoyed by a very broad audience.
This work is a truly masterpiece. If you're interested in human behavior, cognitive economics or yearning for a "can't put it down" or how "a great nation lost its financial mind," --- this particular work stands out from all the rest of the pack. Buy it. Devour it. Think about it. Act upon it. Buy three for your colleagues and friends.
If you're a U.S. citizen, it's your patriotic duty to read this book. If you are employed in the financial services sector of the global economy, this is required reading.
My most heartfelt gratitude to Michael Lewis for sharing the stories of the few who truly knew: Those who "had the nerve to bet on their vision. It's not easy to stand apart from mass hysteria -to believe that most of what's in the financial news is wrong, to believe that the most important financial people are either lying or deluded - without being insane." P.xviii
To Michael Burry, Steve Eisman, Vincent Daniel, Danny Moses, Jamie Mai, Charlie Ledley, Ben Hockett, and your families; here's something from my family to you and yours:
You're "not nuts." You're the folks who provide me with the essential courage to inquire, think, ponder and wonder about the prospects for a better future in this world. You exemplify the few who have lived their lives, embraced incomprehensible pain and sacrifice, and paid an unimaginable personal price --- in pursuit of exposing systemic deception and, begin to restore my faith in the inherent value in the necessity for the contrarian among us. It's people like you who give me hope as my family, my community, our country, and our world continue to struggle as "collateral damage" in the ongoing, ever-unfolding, yet-to-be-experienced, dimensions of the aftermath of this fiasco.
I needed to believe in "heroes" again. Thank you for being "something" in the midst of nothing. It's your character, tenacity, insight, intelligence and unwavering commitment to a pursuit of the truth amidst a sea of deception, which will endure with me. True stories of human heroism will never lose their charm. Thank you for living these truths for us.
Top reviews from other countries
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GuichardReviewed in France on November 11, 2010
5.0 out of 5 stars Le livre pour comprendre la crise des subprimes
Michael lewis a un don pour l'écriture et surtout pour dépeindre les "characters" qui font l'industrie financière.
Loin des caricatures et des raccourcis sur la finance (en général ce sont plutot des économistes ou des journalistes qui écrivent sans y comprendre grand chose), voila une vraie plongée dans le pourquoi et le comment de la crise financière.
Comme bien souvent, on retrouve les mécanismes classiques : greed évidemment (des banquiers mais également de monsieur tout le monde, l'esprit grégaire des banquiers... et de monsieur tout le monde).
Toutefois Il faut un peu de connaissance des marchés pour comprendre le bouquin (etre short, comprendre un CDO,...) sinon c'est un peu rude. En meme temps, il y a forcément un degré de complexité dans la compréhension. sinon il faut faire des raccourcis et c'est inintéressant (voir bouquin de "journaliste").
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Ivan CerraReviewed in Spain on November 13, 2017
5.0 out of 5 stars Excelente libro
Excelente libro que explica perfectamente lo ocurrido en la crisis financiera del 2007. Muy recomendable. La película también es buenísima.
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GruebeljannesReviewed in Germany on May 16, 2010
5.0 out of 5 stars Die Finanzkrise 2007/2008 durchleuchtet
Vorweg:
Diese Rezension bezieht sich auf die englischsprachige Ausgabe des Buches von Michael Lewis "The Big Short". Sprachlich ist das Buch nicht sonderlich kompliziert geschrieben, wenn man mal davon absieht, dass die Börsenbegriffe im englischen fürs erste nicht ohne sind. Aber mittels Übersetzungsprogrammen a la leo.org finden sich die entsprechenden Übersetzungen sehr gut erklärt und machen die Zusammenhänge im Buch leicht zu verstehen.
Zum Inhalt:
Michael Lewis erzählt die Geschichte von verschiedenster real existierende Personen, die an der Wall Street das Enstehen der Finanzkrise 2007/2008 miterlebten.
Da ist der recht rüde Broker Steve Eisman mit seinen Partnern Vincent Daniel und Danny Moses, die bemerken, wie an der Wall Street urplötzlich ein Geschäft mit Hypothekenkrediten amerikanischer Bürger entsteht. Ein Geschäft, welches für sie anfangs richtig Probleme bereitet dieses zu durchschauen, bis sie kapieren, was sich dort entwickelt.
Da ist der Hedge Fond Besitzer Michael Burry, der aufgrund eines speziellen Syndroms fähig ist, im Börsengeschäft bestimmte Muster zu erkennen und bemerkt auf welchen Sand Banken wie Goldman Sachs, Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, HSBC, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers und AIG ihre Kredittürme aufgebaut hatten. Auch er erkannte, welch eine Monstermaschinerie sich die Banken heranzüchteten, um Geld zu machen. Ein Maschinerie, welches Michael Lewis im Untertitel "Dooms Day Machine", also "Vernichtungsmaschine" nennt).
Da sind die Wall Street Glücksritter Charlie Ledley, Jamie Mai und der ehemalige Wall Street Angestellte Ben Hocket, welche mit Glück aus wenig Geld viel Geld gemacht hatten und nun versuchten, in den Geschäften mit den Hyptothekengeschäften Fuß zu fassen. Hierbei bemerken sie, dass die Banken und ihre Trader faule Papiere produzieren, um damit Geld zu erzeugen, welches ihren eigenen Erfolgsbilanzen dienen soll.
Oder der Mitarbeiter Howie Hubler von Morgan Stanley, der als einzelner Trader mit einem Rekord-Verlust von an die 2 Milliarden US-Dollar in die Liste der schlechtesten Wall-Street-Trader unangefochten anführt, aber mit 10 Millionen Dollar Abfindung in der Tasche aus seinem Job entlassen wurde.
Oder die Geschichte von Greg Lipman, der in Vertretung für die Deutsche Bank bei den Hypothekengeschäften den Vermittler zu anderen Kreditinstituten ist und sich kaum darum scherrt, dass jene Banken in Deutschland und anderswo nur Schrottpapiere kaufen.
Charakterisierend hierfür ist der Dialog zwischen Vincent Daniel und Greg Lipmann. Während der eine ungläubig nach den Käufern der Schrottpapiere (Papiere, die im günstigsten Fall kaum reichhaltigen Gewinn aber in schlechtesten Fall riesige Verluste bringen) fragt, reagiert der andere abgebrüht.
Vincent Daniel: "It's zero-zum. Who's on the other side? Who's the idiot?"
Greg Lippmann: "Düsseldorf. Stupid Germans. They take rating agencies serious. They believe in the rules."
Das Buch erklärt die Wurzeln der Finanzkrise, in deren Verlauf Lehman Brothers vom Markt verschwand und der amerikanische Rentenversicherer AIG nur mit Milliarden von der FED überleben konnte. Es erklärt die verwinkelten Ideen der Bänker und erklärt auch, warum es bis zum August 2007 nicht wirklich jemanden interessierte, mit welchem Wirtschaftsgift mit konstruktiver Unterstützung der Wall-Street-Rating-Agenturen "Moody's" and "Standard & Poor's" dort gehandelt wurde, welcher destruktiver Wirtschafts-Tsunami an der Wall Street aufgebaut wurde.
Das Buch liefert die Erkenntnis, dass das jetzige Wirtschaftssystem eher zum Schutz der oberen Mittelklasse und der vermögenden Oberklasse aufgebaut wurde, aber nicht um die ärmeren Gesellschaftsschichten zu beschützen. Es liefert aber auch die Erkenntnis, dass es schwierig sein wird, die echten Schuldigen der Krise habhaft zu werden, eben weil deren Wurzeln im demokratischen Wirtschaftssystem begründet sind. Nicht umsonst wird im Buch auch die Frage aufgeworfen, ob jene Wirtschaftskrise nicht das Ende des demokratischen Kapitalismus darstellt. Die im Buch angerissenen Reaktionen der Politiker zeigen ein Bild der Ohnmacht, gleich der Ohnmacht angesichts von Naturkatastrophen.
Das Buch liefert keine Erklärung für die Euro-Krise, auch wenn man nach der Lektüre des Buches ahnt, welche Mächte hinter der durch Griechenland ausgelösten Euro-Krise stehen können. Das Buch liefert auch keine Schuldigen oder Sündenböcke. Die finden sich dort eben so wenig wie die Geldgierigen a la Gordon Gekko (Film "Wall Street").
Fazit:
Das Buch liest sich leicht und spannend. Die Zusmammenhänge, die zu den Zusammenbrüchen der Banken wie Lehman Brothers, IKB, HRE und Merrill Lynch werden verständlich. Ein mehrfaches entsetztes Kopfschütteln ist dem Leser garantiert. Die Vorgänge an der Wall Street lassen erahnen, welchen Mächten die Menschen zukünftig ausgesetzt sein werden. Und dass was dort geschah, lassen die Aussagen von Politikern (u.a.a. von deutschen) in einem schlechtem Licht ausschauen.
Mein Urteil:
Lesenswert
(für Leute mit guten Englischkenntnisses; den anderen kann ich leider nur empfehlen, auf die Übersetzung zu warten)
- Barry FrancisReviewed in Canada on April 22, 2014
5.0 out of 5 stars A Daisy Chain of Financial Malfeasance
Michael Lewis's brilliant book "The Big Short," is billed as a sequel to his earlier biographical effort "Liar's Poker" which covered his 1980s experiences on Wall Street. It's a great example of why Malcolm Gladwell has called Lewis "the finest storyteller of our generation."
Subtitled "Inside the Doomsday Machine," the book chronicles the 2008 market collapse from the perspective of those who saw it coming and bet against the subprime mortgage market at the height of the housing bubble. The protagonists, whose foresight earned them fantastic profits, are a colorful lot, including: Steve Eisman, Danny Moses and Vincent Daniel (of FrontPoint Partners, owned by Morgan Stanley); Michael Burry (of Scion Capital); Charlie Ledley, Ben Hockett and Jamie Mai (of Cornwall Capital); and Greg Lippmann (of Deutsche Bank), and a handful of others.
Amazingly, none of these contrarian investors were experts in the housing market. They saw disaster coming while the "smart money" was betting that house prices would continue to rise and that subprime mortgages would pay off. It took this unlikely group of outsiders to see what was about to happen and undertake "the big short."
So what was the Doomsday Machine and how did it work? As Lewis points out, it was spawned by a toxic mix of the US housing bubble, sub-prime mortgage lending, investor greed, and the insatiable demand for leverage by Wall Street Banks. Aiding and abetting these factors were unwitting credit agencies populated by Wall Street rejects and wannabes.
Investors around the world wanted access to the ever-inflating American mortgage market. This gave lenders ever stronger incentive to push new loans out the door. Interest rates went down and credit standards for borrowers were relaxed again and again with demand filled by writing increasing numbers of sub-prime mortgages. Mortgage-backed security (MBS) sales were driven through the roof.
Many mortgage lenders practiced an "originate and sell" strategy - taking their profits by bundling the loans up as mortgage-backed securities and selling them to third parties, mainly investment banks, (thereby passing along the risk associated with the sub-prime mortgages they were writing). The investment banks then repackaged these mortgages in various ways and sold the mortgage debt of the US household sector to global investors. Among the exotic financial instruments used for this purpose were Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs).
CDOs were actually pyramids consisting of tranches representing various levels of risk and related interest payments. The riskiest level ("the mezzanine") got the highest rate of interest, but were the first to be wiped out as defaults rose. The least risky level at the top of the pyramid ("the penthouse") received the lowest rate of interest and were last to fall as defaults rose. Many of these portfolio slices received generous ratings of triple-B and even triple-A from the big rating agencies, creating a false sense of security among potential investors
This process was highly profitable for the financial sector and, as long as home prices were rising and producing good returns for investors. But, when the market turned, things got really ugly. It was a house of cards. Lewis notes that for the whole system to collapse, the housing market didn't need to fail in absolute terms. It didn't even need to fall. It just had to stop growing as fast as it had during the boom years. Of course, as fate would have it, that's precisely what happened.
In the ultimate irony, firms like Goldman, who created and sold CDOs, bet against their own investors by buying Credit Default Swaps (CDSs) which insured the mortgage-backed securities they were selling against default. (For a few cents on the dollar a CDS commits the seller to pay the full value of the contract if a mortgage-backed bond defaults, or becomes worthless.)
What this meant was that, to mitigate its own exposure, Goldman was betting against its own customers. And, by aggressively taking the other side of this risk by selling CDSs for a small return, firms like Morgan Stanley put billions of dollars of their proprietary capital at risk. Not smart!
Just how bad were the mortgages underpinning the subprime mortgage market? Lewis provides an example of "a Mexican strawberry picker in Bakersfield California with an income of $14,000 and no English who was given every penny he needed to buy a house for $724,000." This was cited as an example of the type of "no-doc mortgages"(no evidence of income or employment) that helped fuel the market collapse.
In short, the Doomsday Machine was a massive Ponzi scheme that, save for a massive government bailout, could have collapsed the entire global financial system.
If you're keeping score, Lewis points out that Morgan Stanley's $9 billion trading loss was "the single biggest trading loss in the history of Wall Street." But this pales to insignificance when you consider that the losses include five million jobs in the United States alone and some 40 percent of the world's wealth. In addition to the billions in taxpayer and investor losses, the human tragedy toll included evaporated pensions, ruined careers and, in many cases, lost homes.
In retrospect, the questions posed by this book are: "Has anything really changed on Wall Street?"; "Has financial regulation improved?"; and, most importantly, "Could something like this happen again?"
Barry Francis
- M. van DrielReviewed in the Netherlands on March 20, 2016
5.0 out of 5 stars Reads like a thriller
I read The Big Short after seeing the movie, which I think helps for someone like me who has hardly any financial background. On the other hand: the financial people don't seem to understand what was happening either. The books reads like a thriller, with one difference: this actually happened and is still happening. Must read, but it doesn't make you very happy, knowing all this.