Road signs in Germany

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Road sign gantry with variable-message signs on the A 3 in Frankfurt am Main

Traffic signs, installations, and symbols used in Germany are prescribed by the Road Traffic Regulation (StVO) (German: Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung) and the Traffic Signs Catalog (VzKat) (German: Verkehrszeichenkatalog).[1][2]

§§ 39 to 43 of the StVO regulate the effect of traffic signs and installations. Annexes 1 to 3 illustrate most danger, regulatory, and directional signs and annex 4 illustrates the traffic installations. Other traffic signs and installations not specified in the StVO, primarily specific supplementary signs, are published in the VzKat.[1]

The VzKat was issued in May 2017[2] under the General Administrative Rules for the Road Traffic Regulation (VwV-StVO) (German: Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung).[3]

The StVO, the VwV-StVO and the VzKat are supported by technical rules (German: Technische Regelwerke), mostly published by the Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (FGSV), especially:

  • The Guidelines for Directional Signage outside of Motorways (RWB[4][5]) (German: Richtlinien für die wegweisende Beschilderung außerhalb von Autobahnen)
  • The Guidelines for Directional Signage on Motorways (RWBA[6][7]) (German: Richtlinien für die wegweisende Beschilderung auf Autobahnen)
  • The Guidelines for touristic Signage (RtB[8]) (German: Richtlinien für die touristische Beschilderung)
  • The Guidelines for Signage for detours (RUB[9][10]) (German: Richtlinien für Umleitungsbeschilderungen)
  • The Guidelines for the Marking of Roads (RMS-1[11], RMS-2[12] and RMS-A[13]) (German: Richtlinien für die Markierung von Straßen)

All signs have assigned numbers. The suffix number after the hyphen refers to the variation of the sign; the suffix on signs with variable numbers is the number depicted on the sign (for speed limits, maximum heights, etc.).[2]

Symbols[edit]

Symbols pursuant to § 39 paragraphs 7, 10, and 11 of the StVO:[1]

Danger signs[edit]

Danger signs pursuant to part 2 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 1 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Regulatory signs[edit]

Regulatory signs pursuant to part 3 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 2 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

[edit]

Directional signs[edit]

Directional signs pursuant to part 4 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 4 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Road equipment[edit]

Additional road signs[edit]

Priority[edit]

Reißverschlussverfahren[16]
"Zipper rule" for one-way traffic merging & two-way traffic priorities

Environmental factors[edit]

Yield as necessary to not endanger themselves or other road users

Traffic priority – priority roads[edit]

Priority traffic does not yield, signal all turns

Other factors[edit]

Yield or reduce speed as necessary[17]

Vehicle classifications & specifics[edit]

Official (base) Symbols in Germany as per Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen[14]

Basic[edit]

Red ring

In addition to any sign/placard, the red ring forbids (in general) the item noted and anything of greater size or value; i.e., if a car is pictured, then not only are cars not permitted but trucks, as well.

A red ring is also a traffic sign itself: No vehicles (of any type) permitted, pushing motorcycles/mopeds/bicycles permitted

Bicycles & mopeds[edit]

Motorcycles[edit]

Classified as above/below 500 cc motor size, and with or without sidecar

Cars/automobiles[edit]

Personenkraftwagen – Pkw[19] – "Powered car for (the transport of) persons"; e.g., cars/automobiles

Recreational vehicles, farm equipment or animal powered[edit]

Trucks & lorries[edit]

Lastkraftwagen – Lkw – (literally "powered car for loads", e.g., truck, lorry, semi, tractor-trailer)

Kraftfahrzeuge (Kfz)[20] mit einer zulässigen Gesamtmasse über 3,5 t, einschließlich ihrer Anhänger, und Zugmaschinen, ausgenommen Personenkraftwagen und Kraftomnibusse – Motor vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3,5 t, including their trailers, and tractors other than cars and buses

Restrictions & allowances for vehicles (generally larger) than cars[edit]

Dangerous or hazardous cargos[edit]

Buses, public transit & rail[edit]

Buses (generally) and trains (always) have the priority/right-of-way

Others[edit]

Primary road classifications & related signs[edit]

Basics[edit]

Basic Traffic Controls

Speed Controls & Limits

Passing & Overtaking

Other

Autobahn[edit]

German Limited Access Highway – Blue Background[21]

Signs used on Autobahn

Signs leading to Autobahn

other signs

Signs of federal highways

Note: Though road design of Kraftfahrstraße is comparable to Autobahn, speed limit is mandatory, signposting is similar but has yellow background.

Bundesstraße – non-limited access highways or main roads – yellow background[edit]

Urban or built-up areas[edit]

Paved surfaces – "edge-to-edge" controls[edit]

Fahrtbahn/Streifen – driving lane controls[edit]

Roadway lanes delineated by lines for/of single vehicle width

Dedicated lane use required for ...[edit]

Special zones[edit]

Stopping, waiting, parking[edit]

Parking is considered any stop exceeding three minutes.

Absolutely no stopping or waiting on traffic lanes (emergency excepted)

No waiting/standing longer than 3 minutes on traffic lanes – "Loading/unloading & pick-up/drop-off zone"

Bus stop and taxi zones

Road markings/lines[edit]

Intersections & Crosswalks[22]

Driving Lanes

Information signs[edit]

Informational signs[edit]

Base traffic symbols[edit]

Standardized traffic symbols[edit]

Arrows

Road equipment[edit]

Retired signs[edit]

Obsolete signs since 2017 [14]

Obsolete signs since 2013 [14]

Old signs[edit]

Warning signs[edit]

Regulatory signs[edit]

Information signs[edit]

Signs for traffic diversion[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen". Federal Ministry of Transport. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "VzKat 2017" (in German). 5 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (VwV-StVO)". Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  4. ^ "RWB 2000". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  5. ^ "RWB 2000 - Richtlinien für die wegweisende Beschilderung außerhalb von Autobahnen". www.verkehrsblatt.de. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  6. ^ "RWBA 2000". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  7. ^ "RWBA - Richtlinien für die wegweisende Beschilderung auf Bundesautobahnen". www.verkehrsblatt.de. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  8. ^ "RtB". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  9. ^ "RUB". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  10. ^ "RUB 2021 - Richtlinien für Umleitungsbeschilderungen (RUB)". www.verkehrsblatt.de. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  11. ^ "RMS-1". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  12. ^ "RMS-2". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  13. ^ "RMS - Teil A: Autobahnen". www.fgsv-verlag.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "Änderungen im Verkehrszeichenkatalog 2017 zu 1992" [Changes in traffic signs 2017 to 1992]. Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen.
  15. ^ "§ 40 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
  16. ^ de:Reißverschlussverfahren[circular reference]
  17. ^ "§ 39 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
  18. ^ "German Road Signs: Guide to Parking & Road Signs in Germany". Auto Europe. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  19. ^ "Personenkraftwagen". 11 April 2018 – via Wikipedia.
  20. ^ "Kraftfahrzeug". 20 April 2018 – via Wikipedia.
  21. ^ "Brian's Guide to Getting Around Germany – The Autobahn". www.gettingaroundgermany.info.
  22. ^ de:Straßenmarkierung[circular reference]
  23. ^ "§ 40 StVO 2013 – Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.

External links[edit]